The Trigger For Insolvency Resolution: Who Andhow
Any creditor of the corporate debtor or the corporate debtoritself may file an application for insolvency resolution under theIBC. The trigger for filing an application is the occurrence of apayment default of an amount of not less than INR 1,00,000. In the case ofindividuals and partnership firms, the minimum default amount islimited to INR 1,000.
In the case of financial debt, a financial creditor, such as abank, a non-banking financial institution or a debenture trustee,may file an application immediately upon a default occurring,provided that the information on the default is available in therecords of an information utility or the applicant provides someother acceptable proof of non-payment. In the case of operationaldebt debt owed to suppliers, vendors, payments owed toemployees, etc. the operational creditor will need todeliver a demand notice to the debtor. If the debtor fails toeither pay the unpaid dues or prove the existence of a dispute onthe debt payment within 10 days of the demand notice, theoperational creditor may file an application for insolvencyresolution.
What Happens To Your Credit Rating After Discharge
The official receiver wont tell the credit agencies when your bankruptcy ends. You may need to ask the credit agencies to update their records to include details of your discharge.
The bankruptcy can stay on your record for 6 years after the date of the bankruptcy order.
Read more on this in the Information Commissioners Office Credit explained document.
Companies And Limited Liability Partnerships :
The process can be initiated either by the debtor or the creditor. In this case, of companies and LLPs, the resolution process has to be completed in 180 days from the date of registration of the intent. That means once an application for insolvency resolution is accepted, an 180-day moratorium comes into place, during which no claims can be pursued against the debtor or its assets. This period of 180 days, can be extended by another 90 days if 75% of the financial creditors agree. The process enables the debtor and creditor to hold negotiations and finalise a draft resolution plan. The draft plan is to be agreed up on by a majority of the creditors. If they do agree, the plan is finalised and submitted to the adjudicating authority, which in this case is the National Company Law Tribunal. If the plan is not agreed up on by the majority of creditors, the company goes into liquidation.
There will be a provision for hastening up the IRP, as far as companies with smaller operations are concerned. Here the process will have to be completed within 90 days, which may be extended only if 75% of the financial creditors agree to it.
You May Like: Can You Rent An Apartment While In Chapter 13
Criminal/penal Case Court/osbno: 31
Background
A bankrupt had not provided her trustee with a statement of income and expenses, nor proof of her income, as required by the BIA. She had also written a cheque to the trustee that her account could not cover. Stating that she was in financial hardship, the bankrupt asked permission to cash a Registered Retirement Savings Plan that was exempt from seizure during her bankruptcy. The institution holding the RRSP asked for proof that she had been discharged from her bankruptcy or permission from her trustee. She had not been discharged from her bankruptcy nor did she have permission from her trustee, so she gave the institution a falsified letter of discharge, forging the signature of her trustee. The falsified letter included the bankrupt’s phone number as the contact number and she identified herself as a trustee when she received a call from the institution holding the RRSP. The institution contacted the trustee office, which confirmed that the bankrupt had not been discharged.
Summary of offences of the bankruptFootnote 3
- Bankrupt used a forged document.
Court decision
The Court ordered a suspended sentence with one year of probation and 25 hours of community service. The bankrupt did not appear for her bankruptcy discharge hearing and remains undischarged.
Your Public Records On Annulment
Youll need to check the details of the bankruptcy are removed from your credit record. If an IVA has been agreed, this will be put on your file.
You will need to apply to both Land Charges and Land Registry to have your bankruptcy entry removed from any properties you still own after paying your debts. If you dont, the entries will remain for 5 years.
Recommended Reading: What Is Epiq
Policy Measures After The Lockdown
In March 2020 the Indian government suspended certain provisions of the IBC in order to prevent firms from being forced into bankruptcies due to the economic shock of the lockdown.27 Specifically, the government suspended sections 7 and 9 and section 10 . In addition, the government declared that all debt liabilities that arose during the period of the lockdown could never be treated as a default under the IBC. This meant that no IBC proceeding could be brought against a business for any default during this period. Initially enacted through an ordinance, these changes were given parliamentary approval in the 2020 monsoon session of Parliament.28 In September 2020 the suspension was extended for another three months, bringing the total period of suspension to nine months.29
This left creditors of firms without recourse under the IBC to proceed against firms that defaulted during the lockdown. Critically, the suspension also prevented firms from filing for bankruptcy by themselves in order to restructure their debts. Indias bankruptcy-related response was broad ranging compared to that of many other countries that provided partial or sectoral relief from bankruptcy proceedings.30
What Happens To My Regular Income If I Declare Bankruptcy In Canada
Your wages are not affected by your bankruptcy, but part of your duties during bankruptcy includes providing your trustee with your household monthly earnings and expenditures. Additionally, if your income changes or you gain or lose a dependent, you must inform your trustee.
You may be required to make monthly payments to your trustee. These are called surplus income payments. Your trustee determines whether you have to make surplus income payments based on your average earnings over the bankruptcy and the number of people in your household.
Watch the video below to learn more about surplus income payments.
Video transcript: Meet Stephanie, the mother of a young son, James, who is just about to enter Primary School. Recently, Stephanie has overextended her credit and, despite her best efforts, is unable to pay her bills. Realizing that she needed to speak to an expert, Stephanie found a Licensed Insolvency Trustee located in her area and has gone to meet with her. After speaking to the trustee, Stephanie has determined bankruptcy was the most appropriate option for her.
Also Check: How To File For Bankruptcy In Wisconsin
Will My Canadian Student Loans Go Away If I Declare Bankruptcy
If you were a student, either part-time or full-time, less than seven years from the date that you declared bankruptcy, you will have to repay your student loan debt, including the interest charges. Check with Canada Student Loans to learn what they consider to be the last official date you were in school.
If your official last day is under seven years ago, you may still be able to get your student loan debts discharged. You can retain a lawyer and make an application to the court.
You must meet the following requirements:
- You have been out of school for a minimum of five years
- You acted in good faith with regard to the liabilities under the loan
- You have and will continue to experience financial difficulty to such an extent that you will be unable to pay the liabilities under the loan
Insolvency Code Has Overriding Effect
The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 has overriding effect over other laws section 238 of Insolvency Code, 2016.
- Limitation Act applies to proceedings before NCLT or NCLAT The provisions of the Limitation Act, 1963 shall, as far as may be, apply to the proceedings or appeals before the Adjudicating Authority, the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal, the Debt Recovery Tribunal or the Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunal, as the case may be.
- Approved Resolution plan binding on Central/State Government and local authority even in respect of statutory dues Provisions of Insolvency Code will prevail over provisions under Employees Provident Funds Act, ESIC Act etc. Section 31 of Insolvency Code specifically provides that resolution plan will be binding on Government in respect of statutory dues like tax dues.
Section 238 of Insolvency Code provides for overriding effect to provisions of Insolvency Code over other laws.
Thus, provisions of Insolvency Code will prevail over provisions under Employees Provident Funds Act, ESIC Act etc.
Section 82 of CGST Act and SGST Act states that notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law for the time being in force, save as otherwise provided in the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, any amount payable by a taxable person or any other person on account of tax, interest or penalty which he is liable to pay to the Government shall be a first charge on the property of such taxable person or such person.
Read Also: When Does Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Fall Off Credit Report
Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process
This process is generally for companies and Limited Liability Partnership firms.
When can CIRP be initiated?
The creditors or the debtor itself can initiate the insolvency resolution process which can be against a company or LLP when the minimum amount of default by the corporate debtor is Rs. 1,00,000.
Who can initiate CIRP?
- Financial Creditor: It includes Banks, any financial institutions/company, debenture/deposit holders, individuals etc.
- Operational Creditor: It includes Service providers, a supplier of goods, workmen, employees etc.
- Corporate Debtor: It includes a company or LLP which can initiate insolvency resolution process against itself.
An application for insolvency is submitted to the National Company Law Tribunal by anyone of Financial Creditor or Operational Creditor or Corporate Debtor himself. However, In the case of corporate debtor himself, the operational creditor needs to send prior notice of demand for 10 days to the corporate debtor before insolvency resolution process begins.
- Insolvency Resolution process by a Financial Creditor
- Insolvency Resolution process by an Operational Creditor
Experts Noted That The Pre
The central government has promulgated an ordinance allowing the use of pre-packs as an insolvency resolution mechanism for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises with defaults up to Rs 1 crore, under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code.
The move comes soon after the end of a one-year suspension of insolvency initiation imposed by the government in light of the Covid-19 pandemic. The government had last year also increased the minimum default threshold for insolvency proceedings from Rs 1 lakh to Rs 1 crore. We examine pre-packs and their impact on the insolvency resolution process.
A pre-pack is the resolution of the debt of a distressed company through an agreement between secured creditors and investors instead of a public bidding process. This system of insolvency proceedings has become an increasingly popular mechanism for insolvency resolution in the UK and Europe over the past decade. Under the pre-pack system, financial creditors will agree to terms with a potential investor and seek approval of the resolution plan from the National Company Law Tribunal .
The approval of a minimum of 66 per cent of financial creditors that are unrelated to the corporate debtor would be required before a resolution plan is submitted to the NCLT. Further NCLTs are also required to either accept or reject any application for a pre-pack insolvency proceeding before considering a petition for a CIRP.
Read Also: How Many Times Has Donald Trump Filed For Bankruptsy
How Does Ppirp Work In India
Introduction
In January 2021, a sub-committee of the Insolvency Law Committee published its recommendations on a framework for the pre-packaged insolvency resolution process in India . Following these recommendations, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code Ordinance, 2021 came into force on 4 April 2021 and was recently confirmed by Parliament by way of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code Act, 2021 .
A pre-pack framework typically comprises a plan established between a debtor and creditors prior to the initiation of a formal corporate insolvency process, which is granted approval on an expedited basis once the formal process starts. Due to their flexibility and efficiency, pre-packs are becoming increasingly popular internationally. This Act introduces the PPIRP to allow for a quicker, more cost-effective and value-maximising insolvency resolution of micro, small and medium enterprises in India.
What is PPIRP?
The Act has confirmed the introduction of the PPIRP under a new chapter to the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code of India, 2016 . Considering the unique position of the MSMEs in India and their significant contribution to the Indian economy, the Act is a measure that would support the sector in the aftermath of the covid-19 pandemic. In addition to ensuring quicker and more cost-effective insolvency resolutions of MSMEs, the process aims to cause little disruption to the continuity of businesses, which in turn preserves jobs.
PPIRP benefits
Making PPIRP more effective
How Does The Irp Come To An End
Subject to a one time 90-day extension in exceptional cases, theIRP must end in 180 days. By the end of the 180-day period, thecommittee of creditors needs to have approved the resolution planfor the debtor, failing which the company goes into liquidation.Approval of the resolution plan requires the vote of 75% in valueof the financial creditors .
One of the key features of the IBC is the time-bound processthat it offers for insolvency resolution, in contrast to thesignificant delays that occurred under SICA and the winding upprocess under the Companies Act, 1956. Delays are particularlyimportant to guard against in insolvency resolution as the value ofan insolvent debtor’s estate depletes rapidly with time.However, it remains to be seen whether the strict timelinesstipulated in the IBC will be followed by all parties concerned,including the NCLT.
Another feature to note is the IBC’s attempt to limit thediscretion and role of the NCLT in the insolvency resolutionprocess. The contents of the resolution plan are left entirely upto the business decision of the committee of creditors, with theNCLT’s role being limited to ensuring that the process forapproval was followed and that the resolution plan does not violatethe provisions of the IBC or other laws. Again, it remains to beseen whether the NCLT will, in practice, adhere to its limitedmandate.
Also Check: How Many Bankruptcies Has Donald Trump Filed
What Happens After You File For Bankruptcy
Your bankruptcy is complete when you receive your Notice of Discharge from your Trustee. At that point, you will be free of the unsecured debts that were included in your bankruptcy. You can begin to rebuild your credit.
A notation about your bankruptcy will remain on your credit bureau report after the date of discharge. This is usually removed automatically after six years. Even while the bankruptcy is still noted on your report, you may be able to get credit from certain lenders. You can help this along by taking active steps to rebuild your credit. Your Trustee can give you advice on getting a new start.
Dont waste any more time. Contact a Licensed Trustee near you. We have trustees everywhere from Toronto to Ottawa and everywhere in between. Get the help you need today!
Institutional Framework Of Insolvency And Bankruptcy Code
This code is based on the following pillars:
| Debt Recovery Tribunal and Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunal |
*However in this blog we will talk only about Companies and LLP
Read Also: Has Mark Cuban Ever Filed For Bankruptcy
Prelims Cum Mains Program 2022
Adopt ClearIAS ‘smart work’ approach. Learn fast and focused!
Learn online under expert guidance.
Save your time, effort, and money!
What Happens To Your Pension
Most pension schemes arent included in your bankruptcy and they cant be claimed by the trustee.
The pension scheme must be a UK state pension scheme or a scheme approved or registered by HM Revenue & Customs. Approved or registered pension schemes are usually:
- occupational pension schemes approved for tax purposes
- personal pensions approved for tax purposes
- stakeholder pensions
- retirement annuity contracts
If your pension scheme is not an approved or registered scheme you may be able to exclude it from your bankruptcy by:
- applying to the court for an exclusion order, or
- making a qualifying agreement
If your pension is part of the bankruptcy, it can be used to make payments to your creditors.
Pension Payments
Payments made to you from your pension scheme, including any lump sums, before the end of your bankruptcy can be used as part of an Income Payments Agreement or Income Payments Order . This will involve you paying some of your debt with your income.
If you are able to take money from your pension following changes to the law in April 2015, but have chosen not to do so, the trustee may look at the value of your available pension fund. If this would give you access to enough money to make a different arrangement to pay your creditors, the trustee can ask the court to cancel the bankruptcy.
Death benefits
Bankruptcies before May 2000
Don’t Miss: Epiq Bankruptcy Solutions Llc